diff --git a/server/index.js b/server/index.js
index 6d7896a..bdc3f07 100644
--- a/server/index.js
+++ b/server/index.js
@@ -617,11 +617,11 @@ function streamSplitFrames(websocket, session) {
   const stderrTail = createFfmpegStderrTail();
   const { fps, quality, width } = session.options;
   const label = `frames:${shortId(session.id)}`;
-  let frameBuffer = Buffer.alloc(0);
   let frameIndex = 0;
   let skippedFrames = 0;
   let stopReason = 'process_exit';
   let serverClosingWebSocket = false;
+  const frameParser = createJpegFrameParser(handleJpegFrame);
 
   logger.start();
 
@@ -694,45 +694,27 @@ function streamSplitFrames(websocket, session) {
   });
 
   function handleFrameData(chunk) {
-    frameBuffer = Buffer.concat([frameBuffer, chunk]);
+    frameParser.write(chunk);
+  }
 
-    for (;;) {
-      const start = frameBuffer.indexOf(JPEG_SOI);
+  function handleJpegFrame(jpeg) {
+    const timestamp = frameIndex / fps;
+    frameIndex += 1;
 
-      if (start === -1) {
-        frameBuffer = Buffer.alloc(0);
-        return;
-      }
+    const sendResult = sendFramePacket(websocket, timestamp, jpeg, () => {
+      stopReason = 'websocket_send_error';
+      stopProcess(ffmpeg);
+    });
 
-      const end = frameBuffer.indexOf(JPEG_EOI, start + JPEG_SOI.length);
-
-      if (end === -1) {
-        frameBuffer = start === 0 ? frameBuffer : frameBuffer.subarray(start);
-        return;
-      }
-
-      const jpeg = frameBuffer.subarray(start, end + JPEG_EOI.length);
-      frameBuffer = frameBuffer.subarray(end + JPEG_EOI.length);
-      const timestamp = frameIndex / fps;
-      frameIndex += 1;
-
-      if (!isWebSocketOpen(websocket)) {
-        return;
-      }
-
-      const sendResult = sendFramePacket(websocket, timestamp, jpeg, () => {
-        stopReason = 'websocket_send_error';
-        stopProcess(ffmpeg);
-      });
-
-      if (sendResult === 'closed') {
-        return;
-      }
-
-      if (sendResult === 'skipped') {
-        skippedFrames += 1;
-      }
+    if (sendResult === 'closed') {
+      return false;
     }
+
+    if (sendResult === 'skipped') {
+      skippedFrames += 1;
+    }
+
+    return true;
   }
 }
 
@@ -749,7 +731,6 @@ function createRelayPlayback(session) {
   let frameLogger = null;
   let sourceController = null;
   let sourceBytes = 0;
-  let frameBuffer = Buffer.alloc(0);
   let frameIndex = 0;
   let skippedFrames = 0;
   let stopReason = 'process_exit';
@@ -767,6 +748,7 @@ function createRelayPlayback(session) {
   let readyTimer = null;
   const audioStderr = createFfmpegStderrTail();
   const frameStderr = createFfmpegStderrTail();
+  const frameParser = createJpegFrameParser(handleJpegFrame);
 
   const playback = {
     get closed() {
@@ -987,46 +969,28 @@ function createRelayPlayback(session) {
   }
 
   function handleFrameData(chunk) {
-    frameBuffer = Buffer.concat([frameBuffer, chunk]);
+    frameParser.write(chunk);
+  }
 
-    for (;;) {
-      const start = frameBuffer.indexOf(JPEG_SOI);
+  function handleJpegFrame(jpeg) {
+    const timestamp = frameIndex / fps;
+    frameIndex += 1;
 
-      if (start === -1) {
-        frameBuffer = Buffer.alloc(0);
-        return;
+    const sendResult = sendFramePacket(websocket, timestamp, jpeg, (error) => {
+      if (error && !closed) {
+        stop('websocket_send_error');
       }
+    });
 
-      const end = frameBuffer.indexOf(JPEG_EOI, start + JPEG_SOI.length);
-
-      if (end === -1) {
-        frameBuffer = start === 0 ? frameBuffer : frameBuffer.subarray(start);
-        return;
-      }
-
-      const jpeg = frameBuffer.subarray(start, end + JPEG_EOI.length);
-      frameBuffer = frameBuffer.subarray(end + JPEG_EOI.length);
-      const timestamp = frameIndex / fps;
-      frameIndex += 1;
-
-      if (!isWebSocketOpen(websocket)) {
-        return;
-      }
-
-      const sendResult = sendFramePacket(websocket, timestamp, jpeg, (error) => {
-        if (error && !closed) {
-          stop('websocket_send_error');
-        }
-      });
-
-      if (sendResult === 'closed') {
-        return;
-      }
-
-      if (sendResult === 'skipped') {
-        skippedFrames += 1;
-      }
+    if (sendResult === 'closed') {
+      return false;
     }
+
+    if (sendResult === 'skipped') {
+      skippedFrames += 1;
+    }
+
+    return true;
   }
 
   function stop(reason) {
@@ -1136,7 +1100,6 @@ function createPlayback(session) {
   let logger = null;
   let releaseSource = () => {};
   let stderr = '';
-  let frameBuffer = Buffer.alloc(0);
   let frameIndex = 0;
   let skippedFrames = 0;
   let stopReason = 'process_exit';
@@ -1144,6 +1107,7 @@ function createPlayback(session) {
   let closed = false;
   let readyTimer = null;
   const stderrTail = createFfmpegStderrTail();
+  const frameParser = createJpegFrameParser(handleJpegFrame);
 
   const playback = {
     get closed() {
@@ -1339,46 +1303,28 @@ function createPlayback(session) {
   }
 
   function handleFrameData(chunk) {
-    frameBuffer = Buffer.concat([frameBuffer, chunk]);
+    frameParser.write(chunk);
+  }
 
-    for (;;) {
-      const start = frameBuffer.indexOf(JPEG_SOI);
+  function handleJpegFrame(jpeg) {
+    const timestamp = frameIndex / fps;
+    frameIndex += 1;
 
-      if (start === -1) {
-        frameBuffer = Buffer.alloc(0);
-        return;
+    const sendResult = sendFramePacket(websocket, timestamp, jpeg, (error) => {
+      if (error && !closed) {
+        stop('websocket_send_error');
       }
+    });
 
-      const end = frameBuffer.indexOf(JPEG_EOI, start + JPEG_SOI.length);
-
-      if (end === -1) {
-        frameBuffer = start === 0 ? frameBuffer : frameBuffer.subarray(start);
-        return;
-      }
-
-      const jpeg = frameBuffer.subarray(start, end + JPEG_EOI.length);
-      frameBuffer = frameBuffer.subarray(end + JPEG_EOI.length);
-      const timestamp = frameIndex / fps;
-      frameIndex += 1;
-
-      if (!isWebSocketOpen(websocket)) {
-        return;
-      }
-
-      const sendResult = sendFramePacket(websocket, timestamp, jpeg, (error) => {
-        if (error && !closed) {
-          stop('websocket_send_error');
-        }
-      });
-
-      if (sendResult === 'closed') {
-        return;
-      }
-
-      if (sendResult === 'skipped') {
-        skippedFrames += 1;
-      }
+    if (sendResult === 'closed') {
+      return false;
     }
+
+    if (sendResult === 'skipped') {
+      skippedFrames += 1;
+    }
+
+    return true;
   }
 
   function stop(reason) {
@@ -1436,12 +1382,101 @@ function isWebSocketOpen(websocket) {
   return websocket?.readyState === WebSocket.OPEN;
 }
 
+function createJpegFrameParser(onFrame) {
+  let collecting = false;
+  let pendingMarkerByte = false;
+  let parts = [];
+  let byteLength = 0;
+
+  return {
+    write(chunk) {
+      const buffer = Buffer.isBuffer(chunk) ? chunk : Buffer.from(chunk);
+      let offset = 0;
+
+      while (offset < buffer.length) {
+        if (!collecting) {
+          if (pendingMarkerByte && buffer[offset] === 0xd8) {
+            collecting = true;
+            pendingMarkerByte = false;
+            parts = [JPEG_SOI];
+            byteLength = JPEG_SOI.length;
+            offset += 1;
+          } else {
+            const start = buffer.indexOf(JPEG_SOI, offset);
+
+            if (start === -1) {
+              pendingMarkerByte = buffer[buffer.length - 1] === 0xff;
+              return true;
+            }
+
+            collecting = true;
+            pendingMarkerByte = false;
+            parts = [];
+            byteLength = 0;
+            offset = start;
+          }
+        }
+
+        if (pendingMarkerByte) {
+          pendingMarkerByte = false;
+
+          if (buffer[offset] === 0xd9) {
+            appendFramePart(buffer.subarray(offset, offset + 1));
+            offset += 1;
+
+            if (!emitFrame()) {
+              return false;
+            }
+
+            continue;
+          }
+        }
+
+        const end = buffer.indexOf(JPEG_EOI, offset);
+
+        if (end === -1) {
+          appendFramePart(buffer.subarray(offset));
+          pendingMarkerByte = buffer[buffer.length - 1] === 0xff;
+          return true;
+        }
+
+        appendFramePart(buffer.subarray(offset, end + JPEG_EOI.length));
+        offset = end + JPEG_EOI.length;
+
+        if (!emitFrame()) {
+          return false;
+        }
+      }
+
+      return true;
+    },
+  };
+
+  function appendFramePart(part) {
+    if (part.length === 0) {
+      return;
+    }
+
+    parts.push(part);
+    byteLength += part.length;
+  }
+
+  function emitFrame() {
+    const frame = { parts, byteLength };
+    collecting = false;
+    pendingMarkerByte = false;
+    parts = [];
+    byteLength = 0;
+    return onFrame(frame) !== false;
+  }
+}
+
 function sendFramePacket(websocket, timestamp, jpeg, onError) {
   if (!isWebSocketOpen(websocket)) {
     return 'closed';
   }
 
-  const packetBytes = 8 + jpeg.length;
+  const packetBytes = 8 + getJpegFrameByteLength(jpeg);
 
   if (websocket.bufferedAmount > 0 && websocket.bufferedAmount + packetBytes > MAX_WS_BUFFER_BYTES) {
     return 'skipped';
@@ -1449,7 +1484,7 @@ function sendFramePacket(websocket, timestamp, jpeg, onError) {
 
   const packet = Buffer.allocUnsafe(packetBytes);
   packet.writeDoubleLE(timestamp, 0);
-  jpeg.copy(packet, 8);
+  copyJpegFrame(jpeg, packet, 8);
   websocket.send(packet, { binary: true }, (error) => {
     if (error) {
       onError(error);
@@ -1458,6 +1493,24 @@ function sendFramePacket(websocket, timestamp, jpeg, onError) {
   return 'sent';
 }
 
+function getJpegFrameByteLength(jpeg) {
+  return Buffer.isBuffer(jpeg) ? jpeg.length : jpeg.byteLength;
+}
+
+function copyJpegFrame(jpeg, packet, offset) {
+  if (Buffer.isBuffer(jpeg)) {
+    jpeg.copy(packet, offset);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  let writeOffset = offset;
+
+  for (const part of jpeg.parts) {
+    part.copy(packet, writeOffset);
+    writeOffset += part.length;
+  }
+}
+
 function createSourceInput(sessionId, kind) {
   const token = randomUUID();
   sourceTokens.set(token, { sessionId, kind, createdAt: Date.now() });